International Journal of Constitutional Law Advance Access originally published online on September 11, 2008
International Journal of Constitutional Law 2008 6(3-4):553-584; doi:10.1093/icon/mon022
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This article appears in the following International Journal of Constitutional Law issue: SYMPOSIUM: constitutionalism in an era of globalization and privatization [View the issue table of contents]
Rethinking the boundaries of democratic secession: Liberalism, nationalism, and the right of minorities to self-determination
* Professor of public comparative law, Law School of the University of Bologna; adjunct professor of international law, School of Advanced International Studies, Johns Hopkins University, Bologna center. Thanks to Anthony Bradley, Michel Rosenfeld, and Markku Suksi for their insightful comments on earlier drafts of this article. Email: susanna.mancini{at}unibo.it
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Whereas secession has been dealt with extensively in international law, in connection with the creation and recognition of states, it has received little attention as a possible tool in the constitutional protection of minority rights. This paper examines the more frequent uses and invocations of secession and assesses their potential adaptability as means of promoting minority group rights. It argues that international law and the international community have never provided coherent guidance for responding to nationalistic minority aspirations or, specifically, to secessionist challenges. At the same time, constitutional models regarding the management of national diversity have also failed to reconcile liberal democracy and nationalism. From a substantive point of view, there is probably no solution to such difficulties. Neither available model of "constitutional coexistence" nor of secession is likely, ultimately, to be satisfactory. Nonetheless, the adoption of an explicit constitutional procedural approach to secession provides the best means of averting the worst dangers and excesses.